ʻO ke kukui-emitting diode kahi diode kūikawā. E like me nā diodes maʻamau, ua haku ʻia nā diodes māmā me nā ʻāpana semiconductor. Hoʻokomo mua ʻia kēia mau mea semiconductor e hana i nā hale p a me n.
E like me nā diodes ʻē aʻe, hiki ke kahe maʻalahi ke au i loko o ka diode māmā mai ka p pole (anode) a i ka n pole (cathode), akā ʻaʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe. ʻElua mau mea lawe ʻokoʻa: kahe nā puka a me nā electrons mai nā electrodes a i nā hale p a me n ma lalo o nā voltage electrode like ʻole. Ke hui a hui hou nā puka a me nā electrons, hāʻule nā electrons i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka ikehu a hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu ma ke ʻano o nā photons (ʻo nā photons ka mea a mākou e kapa pinepine ai he mālamalama).
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka nalu (ka waihoʻoluʻu) o ke kukui e hoʻopuka ʻia e ka ikehu bandgap o nā mea semiconductor i hana i nā hale p a me n.
No ka mea, ʻo ka silicon a me ka germanium he mau mea bandgap indirect, ma ka lumi wela, ʻo ka hui hou ʻana o nā electrons a me nā lua i loko o kēia mau mea he hoʻololi non-radiative. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻokuʻu i nā photons, akā hoʻololi i ka ikehu i ka ikehu wela. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki i nā diodes silicon a me germanium ke hoʻokuʻu i ke kukui (e hoʻopuka lākou i ke kukui ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, pono e ʻike ʻia ma kahi kihi kūikawā, a ʻaʻole maopopo ka ʻōlinolino o ke kukui).
ʻO nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia i nā diodes māmā he mau mea bandgap pololei, no laila ua hoʻokuʻuʻia ka ikehu ma keʻano o nā photons. ʻO kēia mau pūʻali ikaika i pāpā ʻia e pili ana i ka ikehu māmā i loko o nā puʻupuʻu kokoke-infrared, ʻike ʻia, a i ʻole kokoke-ultraviolet.
Hoʻohālike kēia kumu hoʻohālike i kahi LED e hoʻopuka ana i ka mālamalama i ka ʻāpana infrared o ka spectrum electromagnetic.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, hiki i nā diodes hoʻomāmā māmā me ka gallium arsenide (GaAs) ke hoʻopuka wale i ke kukui infrared a ʻulaʻula paha. Me ka holomua ʻana o ka ʻepekema waiwai, hiki i nā diodes māmā i kūkulu hou ʻia ke hoʻokuʻu i nā nalu māmā me nā alapine kiʻekiʻe. I kēia lā, hiki ke hana ʻia nā diodes māmā o nā kala like ʻole.
Kūkulu ʻia nā diodes ma luna o kahi substrate N-type, me kahi papa o ka semiconductor P-type i waiho ʻia ma luna o kona ʻili a pili pū me nā electrodes. ʻAʻole maʻamau nā substrates P-type, akā hoʻohana pū ʻia. Hoʻohana pū kekahi i nā diodes kukui uila, ʻoi aku hoʻi ʻo GaN/InGaN, i nā substrate sapphire.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā LED he kiʻekiʻe loa nā helu refractive. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka hapa nui o nā nalu māmā e ʻike hou ʻia i loko o ka mea ma ke kikowaena me ka lewa. No laila, he kumuhana koʻikoʻi ka ʻili nalu māmā no nā LED, a nui ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia kumuhana.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā LED (light emitting diodes) a me nā diodes maʻamau, ʻo ia kā lākou mau mea a me ke ʻano, e alakaʻi ana i nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi i ko lākou pono i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu uila i ka ikehu māmā. Eia kekahi mau kumu nui e wehewehe i ke kumu e hiki ai i nā LED ke hoʻopuka i ka mālamalama a ʻaʻole hiki i nā diodes maʻamau.
Nā mea like ʻole:Hoʻohana nā LED i nā mea semiconductor III-V e like me gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium phosphide (GaP), gallium nitride (GaN), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he bandgap pololei kēia mau mea, hiki i nā electrons ke lele pololei a hoʻokuʻu i nā kiʻi (mālamalama). Hoʻohana maʻamau nā diodes maʻamau i ke silikoni a i ʻole germanium, nona ka bandgap indirect, a ʻo ka lele electron ka mea nui ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ikehu wela, ma mua o ka māmā.
hale ʻokoʻa:Hoʻolālā ʻia ke ʻano o nā LED e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu. Hoʻohui pinepine nā LED i nā dopants kūikawā a me nā hale papa ma ka hui pn e hāpai i ka hana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā kiʻi. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā diodes maʻamau e hoʻopaʻa pono i ka hana hoʻoponopono o kēia manawa a ʻaʻole e nānā i ka hana o ka mālamalama.
Pūnaehana ikehu:ʻO ka mea o ka LED he ikehu bandgap nui,ʻo ia hoʻi,ʻo ka ikehu i hoʻokuʻuʻia e nā electrons i ka wā o ka hoʻololiʻana ua lawa ka kiʻekiʻe eʻikeʻia ma keʻano o ka mālamalama. He liʻiliʻi ka ikehu bandgap o nā diodes maʻamau, a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā electrons ma ke ʻano o ka wela ke hoʻololi lākou.
ʻO ka mīkini luminescence:Aia ka pn junction o ke LED ma lalo o ke kuhi mua, neʻe nā electrons mai ka ʻāpana n a i ka ʻāpana p, hui hou me nā lua, a hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu ma ke ʻano o nā photons e hoʻohua i ka mālamalama. I loko o nā diodes maʻamau,ʻo ka hoʻohui houʻana o nā electrons a me nā puka ma keʻano o ka non-radiative recombination,ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻokuʻuʻia ka ikehu ma keʻano o ka wela.
Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻokoʻa i nā LED e hoʻokuʻu i ke kukui i ka wā e hana ai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā diodes maʻamau.
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-01-2024